LInux Keyboard shortcuts ( Gnome & KDE )

FOR GNOME

General Shortcut Keys
--------------------------------------------------------
Alt + F1 - Opens the Applicantions Menu .
Alt + F2 - Displays the Run Application dialog.
Print Screen - Takes a screenshot.
Alt + Print Screen - Takes a screenshot of the window that has focus.
Ctrl + Alt + right arrow - Switches to the workspace to the right of the current workspace.
Ctrl + Alt + left arrow - Switches to the workspace to the left of the current workspace.
Ctrl + Alt + up arrow - Switches to the workspace above the current workspace.
Ctrl + Alt + down arrow - Switches to the workspace below the current workspace.
Ctrl + Alt + d - Minimizes all windows, and gives focus to the desktop.
F1 - Starts the online help browser, and displays appropriate online Help.

Window Shortcut Keys
--------------------------------------
Alt + Tab - Switches between windows. When you use these shortcut keys, a list of windows that you can select is displayed. Release the keys to select a window.
Alt + Esc - Switches between windows in reverse order. Release the keys to select a window.
F10 - Opens the first menu on the left side of the menubar.
Alt + spacebar - Opens the Window Menu .
Arrow keys - Moves the focus between items in a menu.
Return - Chooses a menu item.
Esc - Closes an open menu.
Ctrl + Alt + right arrow - Switches to the workspace to the right of the current workspace.
Ctrl + Alt + left arrow - Switches to the workspace to the left of the current workspace.
Ctrl + Alt + up arrow - Switches to the workspace above the current workspace.
Ctrl + Alt + down arrow - Switches to the workspace below the current workspace.
Ctrl + Alt + d - Minimizes all windows, and gives focus to the desktop.

Panel Shortcut Keys
----------------------------------
Ctrl + Alt + Tab - Switches the focus between the panels and the desktop. When you use these shortcut keys, a list of items that you can select is displayed. Release the keys to select an item.
Ctrl + Alt + Esc - Switches the focus between the panels and the desktop. Release the keys to select an item.
Ctrl + F10 - Opens the popup menu for the selected panel.
Tab - Switches the focus between objects on a panel.
Return - Chooses the selected panel object or menu item.
Shift + F10 - Opens the popup menu for the selected panel object.
Arrow keys - Moves the focus between items in a menu. Moves the focus between interface items in an applet also.
Esc - Closes an open menu.
F10 - Opens the Applications menu from the Menu Bar , if the Menu Bar is in a panel.

Application Shortcut Keys
-------------------------------------
Command

Ctrl + N New
Ctrl + X Cut
Ctrl + C Copy
Ctrl + V Paste
Ctrl + Z Undo
Ctrl + S Save
Ctrl + Q Quit

FOR KDE

Alt-F2	Execute Command
Ctrl - B	Add Bookmark
Ctrl-Esc	List of running applications.
Ctrl - W	Close
Alt-Tab	Switch forward among windows
Ctrl - C	Copy
Alt-Shift-Tab	Switch backward among windows
Ctrl - End	End
Ctrl - F1 to F12	Switch to Desktop 1 - 12
Ctrl - F	Find
Shift-Ctrl-F1 to F4	Switch to Desktop 13 to 16
F3	Find Next
Ctrl-Alt-Esc	Kill Window (Click on the window to action the kill.)
Ctrl - F3	Find Prev
Ctrl-Alt-Delete	Logout (To complete logout process, Tab & Enter)
F1	Help
F12	Toggle cursor key mouse emulation
Ctrl - Home	Home
Alt - F1	Popup KDE launch menu
Ctrl - Insert	Insert
Ctrl-Tab	Switch forward one desktop
Ctrl - N	New
Ctrl-Shift-Tab	Switch back one desktop
Ctrl - Down	Next Complete Match
Alt - F4	Window close
Down	Next Item in List
Alt - F3	Window open menu
Ctrl - O	Open
Ctrl - V	Paste
"Windows" Menu	Popup Menu Context
Ctrl - Up	Previous Complete Match
Up	Previous Item in list
Ctrl - P	Print
Page Up	Prior
Ctrl - Q	Quit
Ctrl-Shift-Z	Redo
F5	Reload
Ctrl - R	Replace
Ctrl - S	Save
Ctrl - A	Select All
Ctrl - E	Text Completion
Ctrl - Z	Undo
Shift - F1	What's this
Ctrl - Plus (+)	Zoom In
Ctrl - Minus (-)	Zoom Out

Movie player 4 linux

To install MPlayer from source code, download the code tarball. Extract the files into a temporary directory. Change to the directory into which you downloaded the files and enter the following commands:

./configure --enable-gui
make
su (if you're not already root)
make install

Encoding of media files in Linux

mencoder
---------------
$mencoder -oac -ovc -o

audio-output-format option is given as

-oac copy no encoding, just streamcopy
-oac pcm encode to uncompressed PCM
-oac mp3lame encode to MP3 (using Lame)


video-output-format is given as

-ovc copy no encoding, just streamcopy
-ovc divx4 encode to DivX4/DivX5
-ovc rawrgb encode to uncompressed RGB24
-ovc lavc encode with a libavcodec codecs

To cut a movie file give the following command
$mencoder -ss -endpos -o -oac -ovc -o

here end-postion can be given as
-endpos 56 encode only 56 seconds
-endpos 01:10:00 encode only 1 hour 10 minutes
-endpos 100mb encode only 100 MBytes
for start-position
-ss 56 encode from 56 sec
other options are similar as above.

for more option type
$man mplayer

Get access of windows partitions in linux

As root, edit the file /etc/fstab e.g. let your windows C drive partition is /dev/hda1 and it is 'fat 32' file system. So to mount the C partition in /windows/C directory, in the /etc/fstab file, make an entry as
/dev/hda1 /windows/C vfat umask=0000 0 0
Note that umask=0000 will give write permissions to every user. To give write permission only to root, replace by
umask=0002

Create ISO image in Linux

To make an ISO from your CD/DVD, place the media in your drive but do not mount it. If it automounts, unmount it.

$ dd if=/dev/dvd of=dvd.iso # for dvd
$ dd if=/dev/cdrom of=cd.iso # for cdrom
$ dd if=/dev/scd0 of=cd.iso # if cdrom is scsi

To make an ISO from files on your hard drive, create a directory which holds the files you want. Then use the mkisofs command.

$ mkisofs -o /tmp/cd.iso /tmp/directory/

This results in a file called cd.iso in folder /tmp which contains all the files and directories in /tmp/directory/.

Ubuntu 8.04 LTS Alpha 1 released

Ubuntu 8.04 LTS Alpha 1, codenamed Hardy Heron released. The final release of Ubuntu 8.04, which is scheduled for April 2008.The alpha includes Xorg 7.3, which delivers improved support for automatic graphics configuration. The alpha release also includes new packages merged in from Debian.

Images of Ubuntu8.04 LTS

PC (Intel x86) desktop CD
64-bit PC (AMD64) desktop CD

for more download visit http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/releases/hardy/alpha-1/

Problem In Playing MP3 in Linex

Problem In Playing MP3 in Linux

download xmms-mp3-fc1.tar.gz
copy paste into root.... /usr/lib/xmms/Input/...